IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
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January 07, 2016 |
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IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
Introduction
The purpose of the IUPAC system of nomenclature is to establish an international standard of naming compounds to facilitate communication. The goal of the system is to give each structure
a unique and unambiguous name, and to correlate each name with a unique and unambiguous structure.
I. F undamental Principl e
IUPAC nomenclature is based on naming a molecule’s longest chain of carbons connected by single bonds, whether in a continuous chain or in a ring. All deviations, either multiple bonds or atoms other than carbon and hydrogen, are indicated by prefixes or suffixes according to a specific set of priorities.
II. A l kanes and C y cloalkanes
Alkanes are the family of saturated hydrocarbons, that is, molecules containing carbon and hydrogen connected by single bonds only. These molecules can be in continuous chains (called linear or acyclic), or in rings (called cyclic or alicyclic). The names of alkanes and cycloalkanes are the root names of organic compounds. Beginning with the five-carbon alkane, the number of carbons in the chain is indicated by the Greek or Latin prefix. Rings are designated by the prefix “cyclo”. (In the geometrical symbols for rings, each apex represents a carbon with the number of hydrogens required to fill its valence.)
CH4 methane CH3[CH2]10CH3 dodecane
CH3CH3 ethane CH3[CH2]11CH3 tridecane
CH3CH2CH3 propane CH3[CH2]12CH3 tetradecane
CH3[CH2]2CH3 butane CH3[CH2]18CH3 icosane
CH3[CH2]3CH3 pentane CH3[CH2]19CH3 henicosane
CH3[CH2]4CH3 hexane CH3[CH2]20CH3 docosane
CH3[CH2]5CH3 heptane CH3[CH2]21CH3 tricosane
CH3[CH2]6CH3 octane CH3[CH2]28CH3 triacontane
CH3[CH2]7CH3 nonane CH3[CH2]29CH3 hentriacontane
CH3[CH2]8CH3 decane CH3[CH2]38CH3 tetracontane
CH3[CH2]9CH3 undecane CH3[CH2]48CH3 pentacontane
Chemistry for class 11.....
elements-of-group-13-p-block-elements
states-of-matter-liquids-and-solids
geometric-isomerism-different-geometries
chemical-thermodynamics
introducation-of-carbon-chemistry
electrons-in-atom-and-periodic-table
hybridisation
intermolecular-forces-liquid-and-solids
niels-bohr-atomic-model
iupac-nomenclature-of-organic-compounds
chemical-bonding-molecular-geometry
molecular-orbital-theory
heisenberg-uncertainty-principle
some-basic-concepts-of-chemistry
equilibrium
environmental-chemistry
hydrogen
structure-of-atom
classification-of-elements
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Introduction
The purpose of the IUPAC system of nomenclature is to establish an international standard of naming compounds to facilitate communication. The goal of the system is to give each structure
a unique and unambiguous name, and to correlate each name with a unique and unambiguous structure.
I. F undamental Principl e
IUPAC nomenclature is based on naming a molecule’s longest chain of carbons connected by single bonds, whether in a continuous chain or in a ring. All deviations, either multiple bonds or atoms other than carbon and hydrogen, are indicated by prefixes or suffixes according to a specific set of priorities.
II. A l kanes and C y cloalkanes
Alkanes are the family of saturated hydrocarbons, that is, molecules containing carbon and hydrogen connected by single bonds only. These molecules can be in continuous chains (called linear or acyclic), or in rings (called cyclic or alicyclic). The names of alkanes and cycloalkanes are the root names of organic compounds. Beginning with the five-carbon alkane, the number of carbons in the chain is indicated by the Greek or Latin prefix. Rings are designated by the prefix “cyclo”. (In the geometrical symbols for rings, each apex represents a carbon with the number of hydrogens required to fill its valence.)
CH4 methane CH3[CH2]10CH3 dodecane
CH3CH3 ethane CH3[CH2]11CH3 tridecane
CH3CH2CH3 propane CH3[CH2]12CH3 tetradecane
CH3[CH2]2CH3 butane CH3[CH2]18CH3 icosane
CH3[CH2]3CH3 pentane CH3[CH2]19CH3 henicosane
CH3[CH2]4CH3 hexane CH3[CH2]20CH3 docosane
CH3[CH2]5CH3 heptane CH3[CH2]21CH3 tricosane
CH3[CH2]6CH3 octane CH3[CH2]28CH3 triacontane
CH3[CH2]7CH3 nonane CH3[CH2]29CH3 hentriacontane
CH3[CH2]8CH3 decane CH3[CH2]38CH3 tetracontane
CH3[CH2]9CH3 undecane CH3[CH2]48CH3 pentacontane
To read this complete topic click here ...............
Chemistry for class 11.....
elements-of-group-13-p-block-elements
states-of-matter-liquids-and-solids
geometric-isomerism-different-geometries
chemical-thermodynamics
introducation-of-carbon-chemistry
electrons-in-atom-and-periodic-table
hybridisation
intermolecular-forces-liquid-and-solids
niels-bohr-atomic-model
iupac-nomenclature-of-organic-compounds
chemical-bonding-molecular-geometry
molecular-orbital-theory
heisenberg-uncertainty-principle
some-basic-concepts-of-chemistry
equilibrium
environmental-chemistry
hydrogen
structure-of-atom
classification-of-elements
sharma sir,scceducation,scc,ssc,free cbse notes,free study material,maths,mathematics,science,9718041826,IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds,IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds,IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds,IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
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