Functional Groups and its example

                     Functional Groups

Origin of organic compounds

•Naturally occurring organic compounds are found in plants, animals, and fossil fuels

•All of these have a plant origin

•All of these rely on the “fixing” of C from CO2

•Synthetic organic compounds are derived from fossil fuels or plant material 

Introduction

•Most current research focuses on Organic

•Originally from “organic” meaning life

•Not just chemistry of life, chemistry of carbon

•Exceptions:

–oxides of carbon (CO2, CO)

–carbonates,bicarbonates(NaHCO3,CaCO3)

–cyanides (NaCN, etc)

•Carbon can form four bonds… 

•Carbon can form four bonds, and forms strong covalent bonds with other elements

•This can be represented in many ways … 

Functional groups•Functional groups are parts of molecules that result in characteristic features

•  

About 100 functional groups exist, 

e will focus on about 10

•Useful to group the infinite number of possible organic compounds

•E.g. the simplest group is hydrocarbons

•Made up of only C and H

•Not really a functional “group”

•Further divided into:

Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatic                    

Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl

•There are other names that describe patterns of atoms that are parts of functional groups.

•“Hydroxyl” refers to –OH

•“Carbonyl” refers to C=O

•“Carboxyl” refers to COOH

Q: which functional groups contain a hydroxyl group?  A carbonyl group? 

A carboxyl group?

Hydroxyl: alcohols, carboxylic acids.  Carbonyl:

aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides,

esters.    Carboxyl: carboxylic acids 

Note that properties such as boiling and melting point change due to functional groups .

Read more topics..

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Origin of organic compounds •Naturally occurring organic compounds area unit found in plants, animals, and fossil fuels •All of those have a plant origin •All of those deem the “fixing” of C from dioxide •Synthetic organic compounds area unit derived from fossil fuels or stuff  Introduction •Most current analysis focuses on Organic •Originally from “organic” that means life •Not simply chemistry of life, chemistry of carbon xceptions: –oxides of carbon (CO2, CO) –carbonates,bicarbonates(NaHCO3,CaCO3) cyanides (NaCN, etc) •Carbon will kind four bonds… 

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