Natural resources (questions)
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November 04, 2015 |
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Q. What are natural and manmade resources?
Answer: We use various materials for our basic needs. Some of them are found in nature like air, water, soil and minerals are called natural resources. The made by human efforts for our basic needs is man-made resources.
Q. Can we use all our natural resources forever?
Answer: No, This is because some of the natural resources like sunlight and air are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities. But resources like forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas etc are limited and they can be exhausted by human activities.
Q. Why do we call natural resources like coal, petroleum and natural gas, fossil fuel?
Answer: Natural resources like coal, petroleum and natural gas were formed from the dead remains of living organisms (fossils). So, these are all known as fossil fuels.
Q. Lists some uses of coal?
Answer: Coal is used as a fuel to cook food. It is also used in thermal power plants to produce electricity. Coal is also used as a fuel in various industries.
Q. Why is a burning candle extinguished when covered by a jar?
Answer: Combustion takes place in the presence of air. When a burning candle is covered by a jar, the air supply is cut off, the burning candle gets extinguished.
Q. What is fuel?
Answer: Substances that burn in air to give heat energy are called fuels e.g. Petrol, Diesel and L.P.G. (Liquified Petroleum Gas)
Q. Define Fossil Fuels?
Answer: Fossil Fuels are naturally occurring substances that are extracted from the earth and also useful as fuels. For example: Coal, crude oil and natural gas.
Q. Where do we get coal from and how is it formed?
Answer: Coal is a fossil fuel derived from organic matter. We get coal deep inside the Earth's crust in coal mines. When dead plants got buried into the bottom of the soil they slowly converted into coal due high pressure and high temperature. As coal contains mainly carbon, the slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called carbonization.
Q. What are the different types of Coal?
Answer: Followings the different types of Coal: 1. Lignite (Brown Coal) contains 25 – 35 % carbon. 2. Bituminous coal (Soft coal) contains 45 – 86 % carbon. 3. Anthracite coal (Hard coal – It has the highest heat energy) contain 87 – 97%carbon.
Q. What happen when coal is heated in presence and absence of air? Answer: When heated coal is heated in presence of air produces mainly carbon dioxide gas. C + O2 ----------------- CO2 When coal is heated in the absence of air is called destructive distillation of coal. We get many useful products like coke, coal tar and coal gas.
Q. Name some coal products obtain by destructive distillation of coal with their uses?
Answer: S. No Coal Products Uses
1. Coal Gas As a fuel in cooking food
2. Liquid Ammonia To make fertilizers
3. Gas Carbon Carbon electrodes in batteries
4. Coke As a fuel and as a reducing agent in steel manufacturing
5. Coal Tar To make plastics, paints ,dyes, naphthalene balls and explosives
Q. Name the product obtain from Coal tar that are used to repel moths and other insects
Answer: Naphthalene balls obtained from coal tar are used to repel moths and other insects
Q. Name a petroleum product which is used in place of coal-tar for metalling the roads.
Answer: Bitumen
Q. What is petroleum and how it is formed?
Answer: Petroleum is a dark oily liquid having unpleasant odour. It is a mixture of various constituents such as petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc. Dead plants and animals buried at the bottom of the sea millions of years ago. They got covered with layers of sand and clay. Due to high pressure and temperature, they got transformed into petroleum.
Q. What do you mean by refining of crude petroleum?
Answer: The process of separating various constituents / fractions of petroleum by fractional distillation in fractionating columns is known as refining of petroleum. The process of heating a mixture of many liquids having different boiling points and separating them by cooling is called fractional distillation.
Q. Why is petroleum is known as ‘black gold’?
Answer: Due to its great commercial importance, petroleum is also called ‘black gold.
Q. What are petrochemicals and where it is used?
Answer: Many useful substances are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. These are termed as ‘Petrochemicals. These are used in the manufacture of detergents, fibres, polyethene, and other man-made plastics. Hydrogen gas obtained from natural gas, is used in the production of fertilizers.
Q. List various constituents of petroleum obtain from fractional distillation with their uses .
Answer: S. No Petroleum Products Uses
1. LPG As a fuel for Home and industry.
2. Petrol Motor fuel, solvent for dry cleaning
3. Kerosene Fuel for stoves, lamps
4. Diesel Fuel for heavy motor vehicles, electric generators
5. Lubricating oil Lubrication
6. Paraffin wax Ointments, candles, Vaseline etc.
7. Bitumen Paints, road surfacing
Q. Why CNG is called a cleaner fuel?
Answer: CNG is now used as a fuel for transport vehicles because it is less polluting. This is why it is called a cleaner fuel.
Q. How natural gas formed naturally?
Answer: Natural gas is formed whenever vegetation decomposes in marshes, sewage and in coal or petroleum mines. It is contains up of 90 % methane.
Q. What are the main constituents of natural gas?
Answer: Natural gas contains mainly methane up of 90 %.
Q Can coal, petroleum and natural gas be prepared in the laboratory from dead organisms?
Answer: No. coal, petroleum and natural gas cannot be prepared in laboratory because their formation is a very slow process and conditions for their formation cannot be created in the laboratory.
Q. What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?
Answer: The advantages are :
(i) they have high calorific value
(ii) They can be transported easily through pipelines.
(iii) They are clean fuels and do not give smoke when burnt.
(iv) they burn without producing any smoke
Q. Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources?
Answer: This is because the amount of these resources in nature is limited and takes lot of time to renew. They can be exhausted by human activities as the rate of consumption is more than rate of formation.
Q. We often use LPG in our home for cooking. How you detect the leakage of gas? What substance is added to LPG for this purpose?
Ans: A gas like hydrogen sulphide which smells like rotten eggs is added to natural gas.
Q. What do you mean by PCRA? What are their tips?
Ans: In india, the Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) advises people how to save petrol/diesel while driving. Their tips are ● Drive at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible. ● Switch off the engine at traffic lights or a t a place where you have to wait. ● Ensure correct tyre pressure. and Ensure regular maintenance of the vehicle.
Q. What are the harmful effects of burning fossil fuels? How it affect the environment?
Ans: (a) The increases in carbon dioxide lead to large scale environmental damage such as acid rain.
(b) Carbon dioxide that the remains in the upper atmosphere will tend to trap sun rays, which is called the "greenhouse effect" and leads to global warming.
(c) People can become sick from breathing carbon monoxide emitted from vehicles.
(d) Burning of coal releases sulfur and nitrogen, which help form acid rain
Q. Why do we need to conserve fuel judiciously?
Ans: The consumption of fuel increases rapidly due to growth of population and these fuels cannot replenish easily we feel to conserve it by using economically and wisely.
Q. What are the main uses of Natural gas.
Ans: (a) it is used for producing H2 gas by heating 1250 k .
(b) For manufacturing Carbon black that is used in rubber industry as reinforcing agent to make tyre.
(c) For manufacturing Petrochemical and fertilizer
Q. Why natural gas is called an ideal fuel?
Answer: It is an ideal fuel because
(a) Burn with smoke less flame
(b) Do not leave ash
(c) Having high calorific value about 55kgJ/g
Q. Name, constituent of petroleum which is used for following purposes. (i) To make candles.
(ii) A solvent for dry cleaning
(iii) For surfacing roads.
(iv) Jet engine fuel.
(v) For lubrication.
(vi) Industrial fuel
Ans: (1) Paraffin wax (ii)petrol (iii)Bitumen or asphalt (iv) kerosene (v) Lubricating Oil (vi) Fuel Oil
Q. What are hydrocarbons?
Answer: The compounds of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbon like Methane [CH4], ethane
Oral Questions 1.
Q. The world’s first oil well was drilled in India in ------- -- Ans : Makum in Assam in 1867
2. Naphthalene balls are obtained from __________ Ans: Coal Tar
3. A petroleum product known as __________ is used for metalling the roads. Ans: Bitumen
4. Natural gas is stored under high pressure as _________ Ans: CNG
5.__________ is a cleaner fuel. Ans: CNG
6. ---------is used as a fuel in jet aircraft. Ans: Kerosene oil
7. ------- is the petroleum gas which has been liquefied under pressure. Ans: LPG
8. The major constituent of CNG is ___________ Ans : methane
8. The major constituent of LPG is ___________ Ans : Butane
9.___________ is the best known reinforcing agent in rubber industry Ans: Carbon black
10. The quality of gasoline is generally expressed in terms of _________ Ans: Calorific value
11. The slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called ________ Ans: Carbonization
12. Ointments, candles and Vaseline are prepared from -- -------- Ans: paraffin wax
13. The natural resource, which is known as 'Black Gold' is ---- Ans: petroleum.
14. The process of separating the various constituents of petroleum is term as --- Ans: refining
15. The substances obtained from petroleum and natural gas are termed as--- Ans: petrochemicals.
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mathematics physics best coaching job centre however notice transfer pdf doc sharma sir however i will solve jee main education com sharma sir facilitate Delhi. Q. What ar natural and manmade resources?
Answer: we have a tendency to use varied materials for our basic desires. a number of them ar found in nature like air, water, soil and minerals ar known as natural resources. The created by human efforts for our basic desires is artificial resources.
Q. will we have a tendency to use all our natural resources forever?
Answer: No, this is often as a result of a number of the natural resources like daylight and air ar giftin unlimited amount in nature and aren't probably to be exhausted by human activities. howeverresources like forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, fossil fuel etc ar restricted and that they are often exhausted by human activities.
Q. Why will we decision natural resources like coal, oil and fossil fuel, fossil fuel?
Answer: Natural resources like coal, oil and fossil fuel were fashioned from the dead remains of living organisms (fossils). So, these ar all referred to as fossil fuels
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