Microorganism questions with answer
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November 02, 2015 |
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Viruses are considered as being on the border line between living and non-living organisms,Why?
Ans: Viruses is nonliving out side living cells but grows and multiplies inside living cell so,viruses are considered as being on the border line between living and non-living organisms.The study of viruses is called Virology.
Questions: What does Sargasso Sea woe its name to?
Ans: Sargasso Sea woe its name to Sargassum, a particular sea weeds that grow abundantly in sea. Sailor avoids this sea as their boat stuck in the tangled mass of seaweeds.
Questions: What are the difference between the cell of bacteria and the cell of other living body?
Ans: The difference between the cell of bacteria and the cell of other living body are
(i) Cell wall is not made up of cell wall
(ii) Do not have nucleus (iii)Does not have membrane bound organelles
Questions: Do red and brown algae have chlorophyll?
Ans: Yes, red and brown algae have chlorophyll . Red and brown algae are coloured because of the presence of red colour pigment (Phycoerythrin) and brown colour pigment (Phyco - cyanin and xanthophyll )
Questions: Name a protozoon which can photosynthesize?
Ans: Euglena contain chlorophyll and can photosynthesise, lack of cell wall
Questions: How do bacteria reproduce?
Ans: Bacteria reproduce by binary fission
Question: What are antibiotics? What precautions must be taken while taking antibiotics?
Answer: Antibioticsare medicines produced by certain microorganisms to kill other diseasecausing microorganisms. These medicines are commonly obtained from bacteria and fungi. Streptomycin, tetracycline, penicillin, etc. are common antibiotics.
Precautions to be taken while using antibiotics:
(i) Antibiotics should be taken under the supervision of a well qualified doctor.
(ii) Course (intake) of antibiotics should be completed as per the prescription given by the doctor.
(iii) Antibiotics should be taken in the right amount and at the right time. A wrong dose of antibiotics makes the drug ineffective. Also, excessive consumption of drugs may kill the useful bacteria present in our body.
Question: Why do bacteria classified under plants?
Ans: The cell of bacteria is covered by protective layer called cell wall. This is the reason because which bacteria classified under plants.
Sometime bacteria passing through adverse condition, they developed additional protective wall called cyst around them. The process of the formation of cyst is called encystment.
Question: Which protozoan exhibits both characteristics of plants and animals?
Ans: Euglena
Question: what are retroviruses?
Ans: viruses lack of cellular structure like cytoplasm and organelles. they only consist of DNA and RNA encompassed by a protein layer called capsid. viruses carring RNA are called retroviruses.
Question: what are chemosynthetic bacteria
Ans: Bacteria that obtain energy required for metabolic processes from exothermic oxidation of inorganic or simple organic compounds without the aid of light.
Question: what are viruses that infect bacteria
Ans: Bacteriophage is a virus that infects and replicates within a bacterium.
Question: Why is it difficult to prepared vaccine for diseases caused by viruses?
Ans: viruses are difficult to be grown in an artificial nutrient medium . Hence, it difficult to prepared vaccine for diseases caused by viruses.
Question: Why do some bacteria and fungi considered as natural purifier?
Ans: some bacteria and fungi decompose the dead organic matter and therefore called natural purifier
Question: Why are legumes plants considered important in crop rotation?
Rhizobium bacteria present in the root nodules of legumes plants fix the atmospheric nitrogen ad maintain the fertility of soil.
Q. Why do you think:
a. curd set faster in summer than in winter. b. Curd turns sour faster in summer than in winter
Answer: (a) Bacteria grow faster in summer, as they require warm temperatures to grow. Thus, they set curd faster in summer than in winter.
(b) Curd turns sour faster in summer than in winter because during summer, the temperature is high, which allows the bacteria to grow and multiply faste
Q. The sealed packets in which food items such as chips are sold are usually filled with nitrogen. How do you think that help?
Answer : Nitrogen prevents the growth of microorganisms as microorganisms need oxygen for their growth and survival. In this way, the food items are prevented from being spoilt by microorganisms.
Q. Why should you always wash our hands before handling food and after using the toilet
Answer: We should always wash our hands before handling food and after using the toilet to remove the germs from our hands. If we eat food without washing our hands, there is a chance that the germs may enter our body, causing infections.
Q. why does bacterias become resistant to antibiotics within our own life time
Answer : Evolution occurs quickly in bacteria, as bacteria reproduce faster than other organisms. Some bacteria may reproduce as fast as every 20 minutes, which is halfamillion times faster than humans. This is the reason why bacteria become resistant to antibiotics within our own life time.
Q. How do viruses caused diseses?
Answer : A virus enters the living cell of an organism and uses the resources inside the host cell for its reproduction. It duplicates itself and then the host cell dies and finally bursts. The newly formed virus released from that cell starts invading the other cells. This process is repeated and in this way, many cells of the host organism are destroyed. As large numbers of host cells are destroyed, the person becomes ill.
Q. Which organism act as decomposer? How is this activity helpful to us?
Answer : Bacteria, protozoa and fungi act as decomposers. These decomposers break down organic matter present in the bodies of dead plants and animals into simple substances and mix them in the soil. A plant growing in this soil absorbs the nutrients and passes them to the animals that consume the plant products. Thus, these microorganisms act as decomposers and help in recycling the nutrients in the soil.
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