MINERAL NUTRITION notes

                                            MINERAL NUTRITION

Autotroph : An organism that synthesize its required nutrients from simple
and inorganic substances.
Heterotroph : An organism that cannot synthesise its own nutrients and
depend on others.
Necrosis : Death of cells and tissues.
Biological nitrogen fixation : Conversion of atmospheric into organic compounds
by living organisms.

Nitrification : Conversion of ammonia (NH3) into nitrite and then to nitrate.
Denitrification : A process of conversion of nitrate into nitrous oxide and nitrogen gas (N2).
Leg-hemoglobin : Pinkish pigment found in the root nodules of legumes.
It acts as oxygen scavenger and protects the nitrogenase.
Flux : The movement of ions is called flux.
Necrosis : Death of tissues particularly leaf tissue due to deficiency of Ca, Mg, Cu, K.
Mineral Nutrition : Plants require minerall elements for their growth and
development. The utilization of various absorbed ions by a plant for growth and
development is called mineral nutrition of the plant.
Hydroponics : Soil-less culture of plants, where roots are immersed in
nutrient solution without soil is called hydroponics. The result obtained from
hydroponics may be used to determine deficiency symptoms of essential elements
Essential Elements
Macronutrients Micro-nutrients
Macronutrients are present in Micro-nutrients are needed in very low
plant tissues in concentrations amounts : 0.1 mg per gram of dry
of 1 to 10 mg per gram of dry matter. matter.
C, H, O, N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg. Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo, Zn, B, Cl, Si.
Chlorosis : Yellowing of leaves due to loss of chlorophyll.
Active Transport : Absorption occuring at the expense of metabolic
energy.
Passive Transport : Absorption of minerals with concentration gradient by
the process of diffusion without the expense of metabolic energy.
Role of Minerals Elements in Plants
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QUESTIONS

Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark )

1. Name one symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

2. Give two examples of photosynthetic micro-organisms, which also fix

atmospheric nitrogen.

3. Name two organisms each which fix nitrogen asymbiotically and symbiotically.

4. Name the substance that imparts pink colour to the root nodule of a leguminous

plant and also mention its role.

5. What is the term used for mineral deficiency symptom in plants in which

leaves became yellow in different pattern ?

Short Answer Questions-II (2 marks each)

6. Differentiate between two types of absorption of minerals in plants from

soil.

7. Name the following :

(a) Bacteria which converts ammonia into nitrite.

(b) Bacteria which oxidises nitrite into nitrate.

8. How does Leghemoglobin protect the enzyme nitrogenase ?

Short Answer Questions-I (3 marks each)

9. Write the deficiency symptoms of the following three elements :

(a) Phosphorus

(b) Magnesium

(c) Potassium

10. Describe the following three deficiency symptoms and co-relate them with

concerned mineral deficiency :

(a) Chlorosis

(b) Necrosis

(d) Stunted plant growth

11. Explain the steps in biological nitrogen fixation in brief.

12. Describe the two main processes of synthesis of amino acids from Ammonium

ion (NH4

+) in plants.

Long Answers (5 marks each)

13. Describe all the steps of nitrogen cycle in nature.

14. Describe with diagrams how root nodules are formed in leguminous plants.

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