work …....energy
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June 30, 2015 |
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Sharmasir........9718041826...
work
…....energy)Work : Work is said to be done, when a force causes displacement in its own direction.
No work is done, if the displacement is not in the direction of applied force or its rectangular component.
Factors which determine work :
(i)
Work done is directly proportional to the magnitude of applied
force.
(ii) Work done is directly proportional to the displacement
in the direction of applied force.
Mathematical expression for work :
If F is the force, which causes a displacement S, in its own
direction, such that W is the work done, then W = F × S
SI unit of work : SI unit of work
is Joule (J).
Bigger units of work :
Bigger units of work :
(a) kilo joule = 103 J = 1000 J
(b) Mega joule = 106 J = 1000,000 J
(c)
Giga joule = 109 J = 1000,000,000 J
Definition of Joule : When a force
of 1 N, causes a displacement of 1 m in its own direction, the work
done is said to be one joule. So, 1 J = 1 N × 1 m = 1 kgms–2 ×
1 m = 1 kgm2s–2.
Energy : Capacity of doing work is
called energy.
Units of energy : Same as units
of work, i.e., Joule.
Mathematical expression for potential energy :
Mathematical expression for potential energy :
P.E. = mgh
where ‘m’ is the
mass,
‘g’ is the acceleration due to gravity and
‘h’ is the
height.
(a) Potential energy of a body at the surface of earth is
taken as zero.
(b) When a body is raised above the ground level, its
potential energy increases.
(c) When a body is brought from a
height towards the ground, its potential energy decreases.
(d) At
any point above the surface of the earth, potential energy is
numerically equal to the work done in raising the body.
Kinetic energy : The energy
possessed by a body by virtue of its motion is called kinetic
energy.
Mathematical expression for
kinetic energy :
Κ.Ε. = 1/ 2 mv2
where ‘m’ is the mass of
the body and ‘v’ is the uniform velocity.
Power : Rate of doing work is
called power.
SI unit of power : SI unit of
power is watt (W), where 1 W = 1 Js–1
Mathematical expression for power
: P = W t where ‘P’ is the power, ‘W’ is the work done (or
energy used) and t is the time in seconds.
Bigger units of power :
(a)
kilowatt (kW) = 103 W = 1000 W
(b) Megawatt (MW) = 106 W = 1000,000
W
(c) Gigawatt (GW) = 109 W = 1000,000,000 W
Definition of watt : When a work
of 1 J is done in 1 s, then the power is said to be 1 watt.
1. Seema tried to push a heavy rock
of 100 kg for 200 s but could not move it. Find the work done by
Seema at the end of 200 s.
. Law of conservation of energy :
Energy in a system cannot be created, nor can it be destroyed. It may be
transformed from one form to another form, but the total energy of
the system remains constant
2.At what speed a body of mass 1 kg
will have a kinetic energy of 1 J?
3.Define 1 Joule of work.
3.Define 1 Joule of work.
4.Identify the energy possessed by
a rolling stone.
6.What would be the amount of work
done on an object by a force, if the displacement of
object is zero?
8.A car and a truck are moving with
the same velocity of 60 km/hr. Which one has more kinetic energy?
(Mass of truck > Mass of car).
9.A body is thrown vertically
upwards. Its velocity goes on decreasing. Write the change in
kinetic energy when its velocity becomes zero.
10.A force of 10 N moves a body with
a constant speed of 2 m/s. Calculate the power of the body.
11.What will be the kinetic energy of
a body when its mass is made four times and the velocity is doubled?
12.A freely falling object
eventually stops on reaching the ground. What happens to its kinetic
energy on reaching the ground?
13.State the energy conversions in a
dry cell.
14.What is the work done by the
Earth in moving around the Sun?
15.A coolie is walking on a railway
platform with a load of 30 kg on his head. How much work is done by coolie?
16.How many times does the kinetic
energy of a body become when its speed is doubled?
17. In an oscillating pendulum,
at what positions the potential and kinetic energy are maximum?
18.Define S.I. unit of work?
19.Name the type of energy
possessed by a raised hammer?
20.What is the form of energy
possessed by a running car?
21.State the value of commercial
unit of electrical energy in joules?
22.2 m high person is holding a 25
kg trunk on his head and is standing at a roadways bus-terminus.
How much work is done by the person?
23.A horse of mass 210 kg and a dog
of mass 25 kg are running at the same speed. Which of the two
possesses more kinetic energy? How?
24.If the speed of the body is
halved, what is the change in its kinetic energy?
25.Moon is experiencing a
gravitational force due to Earth and is revolving around the Earth
in a circular orbit. How much work is done by moon?
26.Give the formula for calculating
work done. What is the SI unit of work?
27.Define 1 watt of power.
28.A man holding a bucket of water
on his head stands stationary. Is he doing any work? Give reason.
29.Name the type of energy
possessed by the following?
30.(i) Stretched slinky (ii)
Speeding car 30. Write the formula to measure the work done, if the
displacement of the object is at an angle of 90° to the direction
of force.
31.If we lift a body of mass 70 g
vertically upwards 10 m then calculate the force required to lift
the body (g = 10 ms–2).
32.At what rate is electrical
energy consumed by a bulb of 60 watt?
33.Give an example of a body having
potential energy due to change of shape.
34.When is work done by a force
zero?
35.If the heart works 60 joules in
one minute, what is its power?
36.Name the term used for the sum
of kinetic energy and potential energy of a body.
37.Write the observed energy
transformation that takes place at thermal power station.
38.A 40 kg girl is running along a
circular path of radius 1 m with a uniform speed. How much work is
done by the girl in completing one circle?
Sharmasir.....................9718041826
40.Write the S.I. unit of power.
41.A student is writing a three
hours science paper. How much work is done by student? Give reasons
to your answer.
42.When displacement is in a
direction opposite to the direction of force applied, what is the
type of work done?
43.What is the work done against
gravity when a body is moved horizontally along a friction-less surface?
44.When does a force do work? How is
this work measured?
45.State the mathematical expression
for work.
46.What are the conditions for doing
work? 4. Is work a scalar or a vector quantity?
47.Give one example of a moving
body, where no work is done.
48.Explain, why no work is done
when a man pushes a wall.
49.Define the term ‘power’. 8. A
boy climbs 100 stairs to reach at the top of a building. What
happens to the potential energy of the boy?
50.Water flows down the mountains to
the plains. What happens to the potential energy of water?
51.Give two examples in which a body
possesses potential energy.
52.What do you understand by the
term kinetic energy?
53.What determines the kinetic
energy of a body of a given mass?
54.What is the biggest source of
energy?
55.How is power related to work and
time?
56.What do you understand by the
term mechanical energy?
57.What do you understand by the
term potential energy?
58.State the law of conservation of
energy.
59.What do you understand by the
term energy transformation?
60.What kind of energy
transformation takes place when the hands are rubbed?
61.The velocity of a body moving in
a straight line is increased by applying a constant force F, for
some distance in the direction of the motion. Prove that the
increase in the kinetic energy of the body is equal to the work
done by the force on the body.
62. In each of the following a
force F, is acting on an object of mass m. The direction of
displacement is from west to east shown by longer arrow. Observe
the diagrams carefully and state whether work done by force is –ve,
+ve or 0.5
63.(a) Define 1 watt. (b) An
electric bulb of 60 W (sixty watt) is used for 6 (six) hours per
day. Calculate the units of energy consumed in one day by the bulb.
64.(a) Is it possible that a force
is acting on a body but still work done is zero? Explain giving one
example.
(b) Two bodies of equal masses move with uniform
velocities of v and 3v respectively. Find the ratio of their
kinetic energies.
65.A sparrow and a crow are having
the same kinetic energy during a flight. Which of the two is moving
fast and why?
66.Why does a satellite going
around the Earth in a circular path does not work? 3. A locomotive
exerts a force of 7500 N and pulls a train by 1.5 km. How much work
is done by the locomotive in mega-joules?
67.Why is no work done, when a force
acts at right angles to the direction of displacement?
68.The energy of a torch cell is
converted into two other forms of energy in a flashlight bulb. Name
the energy conversions.
69.(a) How much work is done when a
force of 1 N moves a body through a distance of 1 m in its
direction?
(b) Is it possible that a force is acting on a body but
still the work done is zero? Explain giving one example.
Sharmasir.....................9718041826
70.What is meant by potential energy? Is potential energy a vector or scalar quantity? (b) Given one example of a body having potential energy.
71.A man climbs a slope and another
walks the same distance on a level road. Which of the two expends
more energy and why?
72.A nail becomes hot when hammered
into a plank. Explain, why?
73.If you apply 1 J of energy to
lift a book of. 0.5 kg, how high will it rise? [Take g = 10 ms–2]
74.What force will cause a
displacement of 2 m, while doing a work of 60 J? 10. Calculate the
work done by a machine of 50 W power rating in 30 s.
75(a) Can any object have momentum
even if its mechanical energy is zero? Explain why? (b) A ball is
dropped from a height of 10 m. If energy of the ball reduces by 40%
after striking the ground, how high can the ball bounce back? (g =
10 m/s2)
76.(a) Define potential energy.
Write an expression for potential energy of an object of mass m
raised through a height h. (b) Find the energy possessed by an
object of mass 10 kg when it is raised to a height of six metre
above the ground given g = 9.8 ms–2.
77.Define power. A boy of mass 45
kg climbs up 20 steps in 20 sec. If each step is 25 cm high,
calculate the power of the boy used in climbing. (Take g = 10 m/s2)
78.(a) Write the relation between
commercial unit of electricity and the S.I. unit of energy. )]
(b) A boy of mass 45 kg climbs up 20 steps in 20 second. If each
step is 25 cm high,
79.A mass of 10 kg is dropped from
a height of 50 cm. Find its : (a) potential energy just before
dropping (b) kinetic energy just on touching the ground (c)
velocity with which it hits the ground [Given g = 10 ms–2]
78.(i) Define the term potential
energy. Write the S.I. unit of potential energy. (ii) A body of
mass 50 kg is situated at a height of 10 m. What is its potential
energy (Given g = 10 ms–2)
79.(i) Define power. Mention its
S.I. unit. (ii) A body of mass 50 kg runs up a staircase of 40
steps in 8 s. If the height of each step is 15 cm, find his power.
(Given, g = 10 ms–2)
80.A light and heavy object have
the same momentum, find out the ratio of their kinetic energies.
Which one has a larger kinetic energy?
Read more topics
newtons-laws-force-and-motion
motion
force-pressure-and-friction
sound
work-energy-and-power
laws-of-motion-key-points
gravitation-gravitation-is-force-
work-and-energy(notes)http://www.scc-education.com/2015/06/1.html
Read more topics
newtons-laws-force-and-motion
motion
force-pressure-and-friction
sound
work-energy-and-power
laws-of-motion-key-points
gravitation-gravitation-is-force-
work-and-energy(notes)http://www.scc-education.com/2015/06/1.html
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